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You are required to post a minimum of three (3) times in each discussion. These three (3) posts must be on a minimum of two (2) separate days. You must respond to the initial discussion question by 11:59 p.m. on Wednesday. On additional days, respond to your peers’ posts as well as additional faculty posts. Responses to peers must be posted by 11:59 p.m. on Sunday each week a discussion is due. Read the attached article entitled, “Informed Consent – The Joint Commission” View the video entitled, “Nursing Fundamentals: Informed Consent, Advance Directives, Reporting and Nursing Documentation” is obtained a client receives complete disclosure of all pertinent information provided by the provider regarding the surgery or procedure to be performed. The nurse may obtain informed consent only after the client verbalizes understanding of the potential benefits and risks associated with the surgery or procedure. Elements of Informed Consent: A occurs when a professional provides expert advice in a particular area and determines what treatment or services the client requires. The nursing intervention evolves around facilitating coordination with other health care providers throughout the continuum of care in order to protect the client from conflicting and potentially dangerous treatments. A is a formal request for a special service by another care provider so that the client can access the care identified by the primary care provider or consultant. Some examples of referrals include physical therapy, wound care, and hospice. The nursing intervention continues to evolve around monitoring the client’s response and progress. 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department with RLQ pain and fever. Labs reveal an elevated white blood count. The surgical intern tells the patient that appendicitis is suspected and that the plan is to proceed with surgery to remove the appendix. He explains that the surgery is to be performed to prevent complications of appendicitis, including abscess formation, sepsis or even death. He goes on to explain the risks of surgery, including bleeding, infection and damage to adjacent organs. What additional information needs to be included in this consent? Provide an evidence-based reason for your answer. 33-year-old woman is in the operating room to undergo colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Patient was given appropriate information, and consented for the procedure. During the operation, a mass is identified involving the liver. Given the previous consent, it is acceptable for the surgeon to proceed further to either biopsy or excise the lesion. Provide an evidence-based reason for your answer. 14-year-old girl presents to the emergency department, accompanied by her 10-month-old daughter and boyfriend. The boyfriend is the child’s father. Patient complains of severe lower abdominal pain, although she is afebrile, with normal laboratory values and normal vital signs. No cause of the pain is able to be delineated, and the plan is to take the girl to the operating room to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy. In this case, from whom should informed consent be obtained? Provide an evidence-based reason for your answer.