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Question Question 1 2 / 2 pts Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the thyroid gland smooth and skeletal muscles glomeruli of nephrons tubules of nephrons Question 2 2 / 2 pts A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the postanesthesia care unit This person’s respirations are 4 per minute and shallow As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation? The central nervous system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are secreted by the posterior pituitary, activating uterine contraction and renal absorption of water The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH), stimulating the release of cortisol The central nervous system directly stimulates the release of insulin, which reduces blood glucose levels The central nervous system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) Question 3 2 / 2 pts Hormones are effective communicators because they are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels Question 4 2 / 2 pts When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone direct pharmacologic synergistic permissive Question 5 2 / 2 pts What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte imbalances? It directly increases calcium reabsorption It directly increases sodium reabsorption It directly increases magnesium reabsorption It directly increases water reabsorption Question 6 2 / 2 pts Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Question 7 2 / 2 pts Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger? Testosterone Thyroxine Estrogen Angiotensin II Question 8 2 / 2 pts What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Decreased serum magnesium levels Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Increased serum calcium levels Question 9 2 / 2 pts A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone? Somatostatin Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Alpha endorphin Thyroid hormones Question 10 2 / 2 pts Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located on the outer surface of the plasma membrane on the inner surface of the plasma membrane inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm inside the mitochondria Question 11 2 / 2 pts What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)? Anterior pituitary Hypothalamus Mammary glands Posterior pituitary Question 12 2 / 2 pts Where is oxytocin synthesized? Posterior pituitary Paraventricular nuclei Anterior pituitary Hypothalamus Question 13 2 / 2 pts The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually high low normal in constant flux Question 14 2 / 2 pts A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder? Diabetes insipidus (DI) Cushing disease Hypoaldosteronism Hyperthyroidism Question 15 2 / 2 pts The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute dilution and water loss dilution and water retention retention and water retention retention and water loss Question 16 0 / 2 pts Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of chronic insulin resistance the formation of ketones an increase in antidiuretic hormone an elevation in serum glucose Question 17 2 / 2 pts Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)? Increased serum glucose Glycosuria Fluid loss Kussmaul respirations Question 18 2 / 2 pts Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with fine-needle aspiration biopsy measurement of serum thyroid levels ultrasonography radioisotope scanning Question 19 2 / 2 pts A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day Electrolytes are within normal limits, but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no change in his polyuria These are indications of neurogenic diabetes insipidus psychogenic polydipsia osmotically induced diuresis syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) Question 20 2 / 2 pts Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by hypothalamic hyposecretion a neurohypophysial tumor a pituitary adenoma autoimmune disorder of the pituitary Question 21 2 / 2 pts The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include constipation and lethargy bradycardia and bradypnea constipation with gastric distention hyperthermia and tachycardia Question 22 2 / 2 pts Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults? Cushing syndrome Myxedema Acromegaly Giantism Question 23 2 / 2 pts The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the anterior pituitary renal tubules thalamus posterior pituitary Question 24 2 / 2 pts The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a thyroidectomy is hypothyroidism caused by lack of thyroid replacement hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease myxedema secondary to surgery Question 25 2 / 2 pts What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus? The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries The capillary basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia There is increased pressure within capillaries as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water